In eastern Tehran, a resident named Sepehr keeps his apartment's front door unlocked. This is not a casual habit but a grim calculation: the moment booming explosions return to shake the windows, his family can sprint to an underground car park. Under a thick, toxic blanket of smoke from burning oil facilities enveloping the city of 10 million, the reality of a limitless conflict has set in. “The war might last weeks, so my family and I will only leave if it gets too bad. For now, life goes on,” Sepehr says.
For Iranians and the wider Middle East, there is a haunting sense of déjà vu. Today marks the 12th day of the joint United States and Israeli military war against Iran. At exactly this point during the June 2025 escalation, a fragile, US-brokered truce took effect, halting 12 days of intense bombardment. Back then, top military leaders and hundreds of civilians were killed in Iran by Israeli strikes, and 28 died in Israel. Iran’s largely symbolic salvo on Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar, which hosts US assets, marked the final curtain of that 12-day war.
This time, the situation appears far more perilous for the region and the world beyond. The current conflict bears little resemblance to last year’s contained warfare. A drastic strategic pivot—from degrading nuclear infrastructure to executing a “decapitation” strike against the Iranian leadership—has shattered the previous rules of engagement, dragging the region into an open-ended war of attrition with zero diplomatic off-ramps. During the June 2025 war, Israeli and US forces largely concentrated firepower on specific nuclear and military facilities in Natanz, Fordow, and Isfahan, though Tehran also came under heavy attack. While devastating, the defined scope of those targets left room for negotiations. The conflict ended on June 24 after intense mediation by Oman, which had been facilitating indirect nuclear talks in Geneva.
This time, the US and Israel adopted a fundamentally different objective. The opening salvo on February 28, 2026, assassinated Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and several family members in Tehran. The strike was seemingly based on the assumption that eliminating the head of state would precipitate the instant capitulation of the government. That has not happened. And now another Khamenei, the second son Mojtaba, has been selected as the new supreme leader, with the powerful Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and key leaders all pledging loyalty.
US President Donald Trump has oscillated between demanding the “unconditional surrender” of Iran, calling for a popular uprising, and offering amnesty to military commanders who switch sides. Yet, despite Washington and Israel claiming they have struck more than 5,000 targets and decimated Iran’s air force and navy, the government in Tehran has not collapsed. Iran says US and Israeli forces have bombed nearly 10,000 civilian sites in the country and killed more than 1,300 civilians since the war began.
The gamble that Iran’s state apparatus would fracture without its supreme leader fundamentally misjudged Iranian military doctrine. Analysts note that Tehran spent two decades designing a framework to survive exactly this scenario. Formulated by the IRGC, the concept of “decentralized mosaic defense” diffuses command and control across regional layers. Coupled with a “fourth successor” redundancy plan, it ensures that even if senior leaders are killed and central communications are severed, local combat units retain the authority and capacity to act.
Consequently, the Iranian establishment swiftly appointed Mojtaba Khamenei as the new supreme leader, and Iran’s vast missile forces continued firing. Using a mix of short- and medium-range ballistic missiles, as well as drone swarms, Iran has turned time into a strategic weapon, aiming to deplete Israeli interceptor stockpiles and inflict continuous economic paralysis.
The absence of an off-ramp has allowed the war to metastasize across the region. In 2025, Iran’s retaliation was largely contained to Israel and specific US assets. In 2026, Tehran has widened the map, launching strikes across nine countries. Missiles and drones have hit US military presence and civilian infrastructure in all Gulf states, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates. The Iranian military has also restricted traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, driving Brent crude oil prices past $100 a barrel, with wild swings ongoing, and prompting fears of a global energy crisis.
The financial burden of this limitless war is staggering. According to the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), the first 100 hours of Operation Epic Fury cost the US approximately $3.7 billion, mostly unbudgeted. Israel, already reeling from the economic strain of its prolonged wars in Gaza and Lebanon, faces mounting domestic pressure as daily sirens force millions into bunkers.
While politicians and generals debate the shifting parameters of “victory,” civilians are absorbing the catastrophic costs. At least 1,255 people have been killed in Iran, alongside 570 in Lebanon, 13 in Israel, and eight US soldiers. Among the Iranian dead are 200 children and 11 healthcare workers. In the southern city of Minab, a strike obliterated the Shajareh Tayyebeh girls’ elementary school, killing 165 people, mostly young students. While the US says it’s investigating that strike, independent analysts say the presence of Tomahawk missile debris seems to point blame firmly toward Washington. Trump recently claimed the war would be over “very soon,” but the reality on the ground suggests a prolonged tragedy.
In the rubble of the Minab school, a grieving man clutched the remains of a seven-year-old child, screaming accusations of war crimes at the sky. For this soul and millions of others caught in a conflict stripped of diplomatic exits, military doctrines and strategic blueprints offer no solace, only prolonged loss and suffering.
Source: www.aljazeera.com