Mysterious chalk artifacts discovered in ancient burials dating from the 2nd to 4th centuries AD in Kazakhstan have recently become the subject of detailed scientific investigation. Specialists from Moscow State University, working alongside researchers from China, analyzed two items unearthed from the Tompakasar and Altin-Asar cemeteries, suggesting they may have functioned as ancient cosmetic products. The findings of this study were subsequently published in the academic journal npj Heritage Science.

These archaeological sites belong to the Djetiasar culture, situated east of the Aral Sea in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya river. The region's settlements were previously explored during the Soviet era, with past discoveries indicating that the local population maintained active cultural and trade contacts across various regions of Asia. The recently studied chalk items, specifically, were recovered from the graves of two women who died at approximately 30 to 39 years of age and were later kept at the Museum of the East.

According to experts, similar pieces of chalk have historically been found alongside mirrors, combs, seashells, and knives, implying they likely formed part of women's personal grooming kits. However, the fact that the graves had been looted in antiquity significantly complicated the researchers' efforts to definitively determine the precise function of the artifacts. Despite these obstacles, advanced analytical techniques enabled scientists to examine their material composition more closely.

Laboratory analyses utilizing electron microscopy and spectroscopic methods revealed that the primary substance of the artifacts is calcium carbonate derived from natural chalk, distinguishing them from the powdered pearl or cave-derived minerals often found in ancient Chinese cosmetic recipes. Furthermore, over 300 organic compounds were detected, including terpenes associated with cinnamon, wormwood, and mint essential oils. Researchers note, however, that the exact method of application and the original scent of the ancient mixture remain unverified.

Source: kun.uz