How to Spot Fake Accounts, Bots, and Trolls?
Hundreds of thousands of inauthentic social media accounts, tens of thousands of fake articles, and millions of automated posts — these are some of the figures cited by the German Foreign Ministry in connection with a Russian disinformation campaign first detected in 2022, after Russia invaded Ukraine. Known as Doppelgänger, the operation aimed to amplify pro-Russian narratives on platforms like Germany.











