Germany has long been a magnet for skilled workers, but the country struggles to keep them, according to a new study by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB). "Anyone who wants to shape immigration successfully must also understand emigration," said Laura Gossner, an IAB researcher, at a Berlin press conference.

The IAB conducted an online survey of people aged 18-65 who immigrated to Germany before April 2025 and later left. The researchers found that emigration is driven by multiple factors, with family reasons playing a major role. Experiences of discrimination were also cited.

Emigrants tend to be younger, have spent less time in Germany, and are more likely to have partners and children abroad. They are less proficient in German but more likely to speak English well. About 60% return to their home countries, while 40% move to other European destinations like Spain, Switzerland, Italy, and Croatia.

Key complaints include lengthy processing times for naturalization, residence permits, visas, and recognition of foreign qualifications. High administrative fees and lack of career support from job centers, authorities, or employers add to the frustration. "Administrative procedures influence how immigrants assess their future in Germany," Gossner said.

Tilman Frank, chairman of the BVIFG association for recruiting skilled labor, highlighted the language barrier as a major reason for leaving. "Attempts to come to Germany without any knowledge of German are not sustainable in the long run," he said. He urged the government to support German-language instruction in migrants' home countries.

Frank noted that policymakers now recognize the need to retain skilled workers. The Federal Employment Agency has introduced a centralized system, Hesse is establishing a central immigration authority, and a federal "Work and Stay" agency is planned. However, staff shortages at public authorities and slow digitalization remain obstacles.

Source: www.dw.com